[摘　要]　我国工程质量监督制度经历了第一方监督、第二方监督和第三方监督三个发展阶段。这三个阶段的发展特征和动力可以用建设主体和外部性大小两个维度的矩阵进行描述。工程质量监督制度由正式约束、非正式约束和实施机制三要素构成，在不同的监督阶段这三要素包含的内容有所不同。保持制度供给和需求均衡，正式约束、非正式约束和实施机制的均衡，是建设政府质量监督制度的关键。

[关键词]　工程,质量监督,制度,外部性,均衡

Abstract: Our engineering quality supervision institution has undergone three stages. Its development features and motive power can be described by a two-index-matrix, those indexes are construction bodies and externality. Engineering quality supervision institution is constituted by three factors: formal constraints, informal constraints and enforcement mechanism, which are some different in above three stages. Keeping equilibrium of institution supply and demand as well as keeping equilibrium of formal constraints, informal constraints and enforcement mechanism is the key factor of constructing engineering quality supervision institution by government.

Key words: engineering; quality supervision; institution; externality; equilibrium

建筑经济，2008（9）：19-21