居住建筑节能改造的成本效益分析
(清华大学土木工程系, 北京 100084)
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[摘 要] 针对华北地区城镇居住建筑的围护结构节能改造问题进行成本效益分析。首先运用全生命周期成本理论分析建筑节能改造项目的增量成本与增量效益构成,然后以清华大学西北小区节能改造为例,计算分析其成本构成及各项经济指标(资本动态回收期、效益费用比等),并进行敏感性分析。结果表明:建筑围护结构改造项目可以在生命周期内回收成本并产生收益;各单项改造措施中外墙改造占成本比例多,效益费用比较低;控制外墙成本及投入比例,可有效提升整体经济性。[关键词] 居住建筑;节能改造;成本效益;全寿命周期Abstract: Analyzed the cost and benefits of Energy Efficiency Improvement(EEI) of existing residential buildings in northern China. First the Life Circle Cost Analysis(LCCA) method is used to analysis the increment costs and economic benefits of the project, then took the northwest community of Tsinghua University as an example, calculated various economic indicators(Dynamic capital recovery period, benefit-cost ratio, etc.), categorized the costs generated over the whole life cycle and made a sensitivity analysis. The result shows that the cost of the EEI on the building envelope can be recovered in the life circle. Among the various remaking measures, measures on external walls have a low benefit-cost ratio and contribute to the majority of the total cost. Cost-control on measures on external walls can improve the economic benefit effectively.Key words: existing residential buildings; energy efficiency improvement; cost-benefit; life circle[参考文献][1]曹申,董聪.绿色建筑全生命周期成本效益评价[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,2012(6):843-847.[2]刘玉明,刘长滨.基于全寿命周期成本理论的既有建筑节能经济效益评价[J].建筑经济,2009(3):58-61.[3]欧阳金龙,邓小燕,毛伟.节能、减排和经济收益与经济投资比值在既有住宅节能改造中的应用[J].建筑经济,2013(6):69-73.[4]Clinch J.P & J.D Healy. Cost-benefit analysis of domestic energy efficiency[J].Energy Policy,2010(29),113-124.[5]Carter T & A Keeler. Life-cycle cost-benefit analysis of extensive vegetated roof systems[J].Environmental management,2008(87),350-363.[6]清华大学建筑节能研究中心.中国建筑节能发展年度研究报告2011[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011.[7]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2012[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2012.建筑经济,2014(5):92-95