基于“五次经营理念”的项目全周期创效体系研究
(中国核工业华兴建设有限公司,江苏 南京 210019)
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摘要:面对建筑业利润率持续走低、管理粗放与资金压力加剧的行业困境,基于全生命周期管理(LCM)与价值链理论,创新性地提出并实践了“开发—设计—实施—结算—资金”五次经营理念。研究旨在构建一套适用于施工总承包项目的全周期标准化创效管理体系,通过制度标准化、工具数字化与考核刚性化的“三位一体”路径,打通各环节协同壁垒,实现从被动成本管控向主动价值创造的范式转变。以某建筑企业2022~2024年的试点应用为案例,结果显示:该体系有效驱动项目平均利润率从2.1%显著提升至5.2%,结算周期平均缩短约40%,经营性现金流状况得到根本性改善。通过本研究应用旨在为建筑企业突破“低利润陷阱”找到解决方案,亦为工程项目管理理论在精益化、价值化方向的演进提供重要的实践探讨与创新框架。关键词:五次经营;全周期创效;项目管理体系;标准化;精益管理Abstract:Faced with the persistent decline in profit margins of the construction industry,coupled with extensive management practices and intensifying financial pressures,this study innovatively proposes and implements the "Development-Design-Implementation-Settlement-Financing" five operations concept based on Life Cycle Management(LCM)and value chain theory. The research aims to establish a standardized,full-cycle value-creation management system tailored for general contracting projects. By adopting a "trinity" approach—standardizing systems,digitizing tools,and enforcing rigid performance assessments—the study breaks down collaborative barriers across various stages,facilitating a paradigm shift from passive cost control to proactive value creation. Taking the pilot application of a construction enterprise from 2022 to 2024 as a case study,the results demonstrate that the system effectively drives the average project profit margin to rise significantly from 2.1% to 5.2%,reduces the settlement cycle by approximately 40%,and fundamentally improves operational cash flow conditions. The application of this research provides a viable solution for construction firms to break free from the "low-profit trap",while also offering critical practical insights and an innovative framework for advancing project management theory toward lean and value-driven directions.Keywords:five operations;full cycle value creation;project management system;standardization;lean management参考文献[1] 中国建筑业协会.2024年建筑业发展统计分析报告[R].北京,2025.[2] Project Management Institute. A guide to the project management body of knowledge(PMBOK? guide)[M]. 7th ed.PMI,2023.[3] Porter,M.E.Competitive advantage:Creating and sustaining superior performance[M]. Free Press,1985.[4] 李军保.卓越绩效管理在建筑企业中的应用[J].建筑经济,2025(10):74-79.[5] 高露曦.基于业财融合背景下施工企业财务管理工作研究[J].财会学习,2022(32):37-39.[6] 林政宏.施工单位承建BOT项目经营风险防范研究[J].建筑经济,2024(4):65-70.[7] 卢育竹,赖国梁.基于不同经营状况的大型施工企业EPC设计管理组织构建研究[J].建筑经济,2025(9):29-32.[8] 赵厚勤,殷宝才.工程总承包模式的实践与探讨[J].江苏建筑,2021(5):118-1290.[9] 郑悦.建筑施工企业现金流风险及其应对策略探讨[J].企业改革与管理,2023(7):113-115.建筑经济,2026(7):13-18
