基于正态分布模型的评标基准价计算方法研究——以房屋建筑工程施工招标为例
(西南大学,重庆 400715)
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摘要:为治理工程招投标领域中不合理低价中标与围、串标两大顽疾,提出一种基于正态分布模型的评标基准价计算方法。该方法以投标报价服从正态分布为理论基础,通过计算有效投标报价的均值和标准差,并引入行业平均下浮率对报价离散程度进行修正,最终将“大多数报价中的最低值”确定为评标基准价。通过实际案例验证,该方法能有效剔除异常报价,增加评标结果的随机性与科学性,引导投标人理性报价,同时在促进充分竞争、防范围标串标、保障项目质量方面具有显著优势,为完善现行招投标评标办法提供了新的思路。关键词:评标基准价;正态分布;投标报价Abstract:To address the two major problems in the current construction project bidding field,unreasonable low-price winning and bid rigging,this paper proposes a method for calculating the bid evaluation benchmark price based on the normal distribution model. Based on the theory that bid prices follow a normal distribution,this method calculates the mean and standard deviation of valid bids and introduces an industry average reduction rate to adjust for price dispersion,ultimately determining the "minimum price among the majority" as the benchmark. Verified through actual cases,this method can effectively eliminate abnormal bids,increase the randomness and scientificity of bid evaluation results,and guide bidders to quote rationally. The research shows that this method has significant advantages in promoting full competition,preventing bid rigging,and ensuring project quality,providing a new approach for improving the current bidding evaluation system.Keywords:bid evaluation benchmark price;normal distribution;bid price参考文献[1] 曹金亮,等.概率论与数理统计[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2023.[2] 熊丹芳.招投标评标方法及评标标准的探究[J].中国建筑金属结构,2022(12):133-135.[3] 秦肇鸿.建筑工程中低价中标的利弊及应对措施[J].大众标准化,2024(16):95-97.[4] 张娓娟,张印.杜绝招投标过程中低价中标的方法和建议——基于主权外贷和援款项目异常低价投标的分析[J].审计月刊,2024(11):37-39.[5] 赵庆华,高网芹,茅剑.基于正态分布的合理低价评标方法研究[J].工程经济,2018(4):53-58.[6] 尤天慧,曹兵兵,等.考虑投标方心理行为且投标价格服从正态分布的投标报价决策方法[J].工程管理学报,2017(5):19-23.建筑经济,2026(6):88-95
