人工智能在建设项目设计阶段的应用研究
(1.安徽省高速地产集团有限公司,安徽 合肥 230041;2.北京建筑大学城市经济与管理学院,北京 100044)
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摘要:人工智能的快速发展,给工程建设领域带来了全新的变革机遇,其在设计阶段的深入应用,为建筑设计模式转变注入了新的动能。本文系统梳理机器学习、人工神经网络、优化算法、元胞自动机及自然语言处理等人工智能技术,并围绕方案设计、初步设计与施工图设计三个阶段,深入探讨人工智能在设计方案生成、参数优化、性能模拟、协同设计、图纸生成与合规性审查等方面的应用路径,旨在为人工智能与建设项目设计的深度融合提供参考。关键词:人工智能;建设项目;方案设计;初步设计;施工图设计Abstract:The rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)has brought brand-new transformation opportunities to the engineering and construction field,and its in-depth application in the design phase has injected new momentum into the transformation of architectural design models. This paper systematically sorts out core AI technologies such as machine learning,artificial neural networks,optimization algorithms,cellular automata,and natural language processing. It also in-depth explores AI’s application paths in aspects like design scheme generation,parameter optimization,performance simulation,collaborative design,drawing generation,and compliance review,focusing on the three phases of scheme design,preliminary design,and construction drawing design. This study aims to provide references for the in-depth integration of artificial intelligence and the design of construction projects.Keywords:artificial intelligence;construction project;schematic design;preliminary design;construction drawing design参考文献[1] 李雪,张枢健,朱启东,等.基于生成式人工智能的建筑方案设计模式研究[J].建筑与文化,2025(6):287-290.[2] Marzouk M,Elhakeem A,Adel K. Artificial neural networks applications in construction and building engineering(1991-2021):science mapping and visualization[J]. Applied Soft Computing,2024(152):111174.[3] 袁潮,郑豪.生成式人工智能影响下的建筑设计新模式[J].建筑学报,2023(10):29-35.[4] 朱思宇,吴刚,胡杰,等.人工智能赋能建筑行业全生命周期的应用场景及思考[J].中国建设信息化,2025(16):34-38.[5] 王章琼,赵歧林,徐晓雅,等.人工智能在建筑结构设计中的应用研究进展[J].科学技术与工程,2025(16):6598-6607.[6] Li Y,Chen H,Yu P,etal. A review of artificial intelligence in enhancing architectural design efficiency[J]. Applied Sciences,2025(3).[7] 李文静,白静,彭斌,等.图卷积神经网络及其在图像识别领域的应用综述[J].计算机工程与应用,2023(22):15-35.[8] Li C,Zhang T,Du X,etal. Generative AI models for different steps in architectural design:A literature review[J]. Frontiers of Architectural Research,2025(3):759-783.[9] 陆新征,廖文杰,顾栋炼,等.从基于模拟到基于人工智能的建筑结构设计方法研究进展[J].工程力学,2025(3):1-17.[10] 李树明.人工智能技术在铁路工程投资控制中的应用研究[J].铁路工程技术与经济,2024(3):5-9.[11] Qin S,Guan H,Liao W,etal. Intelligent design and optimization system for shear wall structures based on large language models and generative artificial intelligence[J]. Journal of Building Engineering,2024(95):109996.[12] 江志斌.生成式人工智能如何赋能工业工程解决复杂生产与服务系统问题[J].工业工程,2026(1):1-9+74.[13] 孙澄,曲大刚,黄茜.人工智能与建筑师的协同方案创作模式研究——以建筑形态的智能化设计为例[J].建筑学报,2020(2):74-78.[14] 张献泽,潘文特.面向人工智能时代的建筑设计方法综述[J].新建筑,2024(5):66-72.建筑经济,2026(5):18-25
