居者有其屋:新加坡住房保障体系建设经验与启示
(1.韶关学院商学院,广东 韶关 512005;2.广州商学院经济学院,广东 广州 511363)
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摘要:在解决国民住房问题上,新加坡奉行“居者有其屋”政策,取得了举世瞩目的成就。本文首先介绍新加坡住房保障体系的建设背景和税制概况,然后分析该国土地制度、金融制度、税收制度和供给制度等方面的优势,最后提出:明确功能定位,引领房地产税改革;打破户籍壁垒,精准识别保障对象;盘活现有存量,扩大租赁住房供给;推行租购同权,坚定维护租户权益。希望以期为我国的住房保障建设提供一些参考。关键词:居者有其屋;住房保障体系;建设背景;税制概况;优势与建议Abstract:In solving the national housing problem,Singapore pursues the national policy of “home ownership” and has made remarkable achievements. This paper first introduces the formation background of Singapore’s housing security system and the general situation of its tax system,then analyzes the advantages of the country’s land system,financial system,tax system and supply system,and finally puts forward:Clear functional positioning,scientific direction of reform;Break the barrier of household registration,accurately identify the object of protection;Revitalize the existing stock and expand the supply of rental housing;Carrying out the same right of rent and purchase,firmly safeguarding the rights and interests of tenants and other suggestions,in order to provide some references for the construction of housing security in our country.Keywords:home ownership;housing security system;construction background;overview of the tax system;advantages and suggestions参考文献[1] Ben-Shahar D,Golan R. Anchoring under Currency Substitution:A Ratchet Price Mechanism in the Housing Market[J]. Real Estate Economics,2017(4):861-897.[2] 苏州工业园区地方税务局课题组.中国与新加坡财产税税制比较研究[J].国际税收,2015(12):46-50.[3] Kiohos A,Babalos V,Koulakiotis A. Wealth Effect Revisited:Novel Evidence on Long Term Co-memories Between Real Estate and Stock Markets[J]. Finance Research Letters,2017(20):217-222.[4] Mcgauran A. LGA Chairman:Councils Need Freedom to Set Council Tax Rates[J]. Municipal Engineering,Cleansing and Public Health,2021(18):04-08.[5] Peters D. ‘Regressive’ Council Tax System in Need of ‘Fundamental’ Reform[J]. Municipal Engineering,Cleansing and Public Health,2019(23):09-13.[6] 蒋励佳,李秋正.新加坡房地产税实践经验借鉴及中国的政策选择[J].中国发展观察,2020(4):117-120.[7] 李永刚,刘伟.房产税税率、房产税收入与房地产税制度设计[J].财经理论与实践,2022(1):87-94.[8] Shybalkina I. The Role of Organized Groups in Administrative-Burdens of Property Taxation[J]. Journal of Behavioral Public-Administration,2021(1):01-14.[9] 刘华,安琪,陈力朋.房屋空置税的国际比较与政策启示[J].税收研究,2019(5):61-66.[10] 李烨,焦怡雪,高恒,等.我国保障性住房建设情况与特征研究[J].城市发展研究,2020(7):19-25.[11] 游娟,黄春晓.新时期保障性住房演化的进程与对策研究——以南京市为例[J].现代城市研究,2020(4):114-123.[12] 胡吉亚,胡海峰.对保障性住房建设融资问题的思考[J].理论探索,2020(2):93-99.[13] 王春璇,李君甫.中国流动人口住房分层与多层次住房保障体系研究[J].公共行政评论,2022(4):3-17+195.[14] 陶凤,王晨婷.可改保障性住房?“闲置”办公室空间有多大[N].北京商报,2021-07-05(002).[15] 王阳.德国住房租赁制度及其对我国住房租赁市场培育的启示[J].国际城市规划,2019(5):77-85.建筑经济,2024(5):5-12