建筑施工现场组织及员工安全行为评价
(重庆大学建设管理与房地产学院,重庆 400045)
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摘要:基于行为科学理论,分析建筑施工现场组织安全行为和员工安全行为,建立预防行为、施工过程管理行为、事故处置行为、员工个体行为和员工群体行为等5个一级指标和15个二级指标的评价指标体系。采用改进层次分析法确定各指标权重,并针对行为的模糊性和测量的灰色性,建立中心点三角白化权函数聚类评价模型。通过实例,验证可通过现场安全培训、安全激励、管理者承诺、群体内沟通等提高施工现场行为安全水平,表明该评价模型的有效性。关键词:建筑施工现场;安全行为;安全评价;指标体系Abstract:Based on behavioral science theory,the paper analyzes the safety behaviors of organization and workers for construction site,establishes the evaluation indexes system which include five first-level indexes and fifteen second-level indexes. The first-level indexes are the preventive behavior,construction process management behavior,security incident handling behavior,workers individual safety behavior and workers group safety behavior. Then,uses the improved AHP to determine the weight of each index,establishes the cluster evaluation model of the central point triangle whitening weight function based on the fuzzy and the measurement of the behavior. Finally,through an application case to test the model and the result shows that project department could improve the safety level by enhancing safety education,safety excitation,managers’ commitment and communication between group workers,which indicate the evaluation model is effective.Keywords:construction site;safety behavior;safety evaluation;index system参考文献[1] Heinrich H W. Industrial Accident Prevention[M].New York:McGraw Hill,1931.[2] 吕景刚,李书全.基于模糊综合评价的建筑安全管理研究[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011(6):887-891.[3] 周忠科,王立杰.基于BP神经网络的煤矿安全预警评估机制研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2011(4):134-138.[4] 郭红领,刘文平,张伟胜.集成BIM和PT的工人不安全行为预警系统研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2014(4):104-109.[5] 韩豫,梅强,刘素霞,等.建筑工人不安全行为的模仿与学习的调查与分析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2015(6):182-188.[6] 张静,徐进.建筑施工企业安全氛围与建筑工人安全行为的关系探讨[J].安全与环境工程,2013(3):86-90.[7] 叶贵,段帅亮,汪红霞.建筑工人不安全行为致因研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2015(2):170-177.[8] 宋晓芳,李东阳.建筑工人不安全行为形成机制及原因分析[J].工程经济,2016(7):63-66.[9] Neal A,Griffin M A. A study of the lagged relationships among safety climate,safety motivation,safety behavior,and accidents at the individual and group levels[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology,2006(1):946-953.建筑经济,2017(1):53-57